From these definitions, models of abnormality have been suggested, such as the four Fs: frequency, function, feeling pain, and fatal ( 18). Similarly, the ICD‐10 defines a disorder as a "set of symptoms or behaviour associated in most cases with distress and with interference with personal functions" ( 17). The DSM‐5 defines a mental disorder as a syndrome that causes significant distress and impairs functioning ( 16). They defined PL as “falsification entirely disproportionate to any discernible end in view, may be extensive and very complicated, manifesting over a period of years or even a lifetime, in the absence of definite insanity, feeblemindedness or epilepsy.” Today, there is little consensus for a definition of PL, but many continue to use a definition proposed by Healy and Healy more than a century ago ( 15). PL, originally termed “pseudologia phantastica,” was first recorded in 1891 by psychiatrist Anton Delbrück in discussions of several cases of people who told so many outrageous lies that the behavior was considered pathological ( 15). Pathological lying (PL) has been referenced in popular culture, although some have suggested that psychiatrists and psychologists know little about the phenomenon ( 14). Although extensive research has explored the normative aspects of lying among the general population, and within psychotherapy ( 10, 11, 12, 13), the pathological dimensions of deception have been neglected. Two recent studies, however, discovered that a majority of people reported telling no lies within the past 24 hours, whereas a small subset reported telling numerous lies ( 1, 2). Deception has been defined by Vrij ( 3) as “a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, without forewarning, to create in another a belief which the communicator considers to be untrue.” Some studies report that people tell an average of two lies per day ( 4, 8, 9). Considerable research has focused on the normative aspects of lying ( 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). The frequency with which people lie varies ( 1, 2). Pathological lying, distinct from normative lying and prolific lying, has a prevalence of 8%–13%.Įvidence supports establishing pathological as a diagnostic entity.
Your results will only be visible to you, and we don’t store them in our database.Pathological lying exists in a small percentage of people, for whom it causes significant distress, impaired functioning, and danger. The test takes less than 2 minutes to complete.
It has 14 items on a 3-point scale ranging from Often to Never. This test is based on unique features identified in pathological lying research over the years. 2Īlthough the condition isn’t officially recognized, there’s evidence that a small section of the population has traits linked to pathological lying (around 13%). Pathological liars often have a personality disorder of some sort, but their pathological lying is not considered a consequence of the disorder. In contrast, pathological liar lies for the sake of it and sometimes gets caught in their own web of lies. For example, lying that you were caught in traffic for arriving late on a date. Telling white lies occasionally or frequently doesn’t make one a pathological liar because these lies tend to have a clear, often benign, motive. When confronted with their lies, pathological liars can go into denial mode or leave the scene. Those on the receiving end of such lies can often catch them because they’re so ‘out there’. In other cases, the pathological liar may be lying out of self-interest or attempting to gain sympathy or attention. These hidden motives are usually trying to appear the hero or the victim. While pathological liars may seem to be lying for no apparent reason or gain, you’re likely to find a motive if you were to dig deeper. It seems that the pathological liar is lying for the sake of lying out of habit. The lies are exaggerated, complicated, and detailed. Pathological lying, also called pseudologia fantastica or mythomania, is a condition in which a person lies excessively and uncontrollably with no apparent motive.
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